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Ren'youkei + nagara (ながら)
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The ren'youkei + ながら (nagara) describes two actions being performed simultaneously by the same person and is translated as "while".

With this form no contraction occurs, and it cannot be used with verbal adjectives.

  ながら本を読んでる。 (Nenagara hon wo yonderu.)
I'm reading a book while lying down.
 
  手紙を書きながらラジオを聞きます。 (Tegami wo kakinagara rajio wo kikimasu.)
I listen to the radio while writing a letter.
 

NOTE: Both actions have to be performed by the same person.

In some cases the ren'youkei + ながら (nagara) can also be translated as "though":

  体に悪いと知りながらタバコをやめることはできない。
(Karada ni warui to shirinagara tabako wo yameru koto wa dekinai.)
Though I know it's bad for the health, I can't give up smoking.
 

Related pages:
Clauses
The particle 間 (aida)
The particle 内 (uchi)

 
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